Full text in pdf format

 

Choice of parents to obtain common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars tolerant to low temperatures at the adult stage*

 

 

Leonardo Cunha Melo; João Bosco dos Santos; Magno A. Patto Ramalho

Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Caixa Postal 37, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brasil. Send correspondence to J.B.S.

 

 

ABSTRACT

We investigated the genetic control of low temperature tolerance and the interaction among the combining abilities for locations and generations in order to improve common bean plant tolerance to low temperatures at the adult stage. In the fall/winter of 1995, a complete diallel involving the F3 and F4 generations obtained from direct and reciprocal crosses among 11 parents was assessed in two locations (Lavras and Lambari, Minas Gerais). Data for grain yield (kg/ha), anthracnose incidence and flowering period (Lavras) were analyzed. The genetic variance and broad sense heritability for grain yield were estimated within the segregant populations. The diallel analysis was carried out using method III, described by Griffing (Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 9: 463-493,1956). The parents differed in flowering period and grain yield under low temperature conditions at the adult phase. The line Small White was the earliest; A-488, Ouro and ESAL 591 were the most cold tolerant, and CNF-05, Rio Vermelho and ESAL 501 were the most cold sensitive. Additive, dominance and reciprocal effects were observed, with the predominance of the additive. The reciprocal effect explained only a small part of the variation, in a few populations. Only additive effects of the genes were observed for the flowering period. The general combining ability (GCA) interactions indicated that the populations should be assessed in several locations and generations in order to obtain reliable estimates. The A-488 x Ouro and Esal 591 x Ouro populations were the most promising for selection.

Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris; low temperatures.

 

 

REFERENCES

Camargo, A.P. de (1972). Esboço de zoneamento da aptidão agroclimática do feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris) no Brasil. In: Simpósio Brasileiro de Feijão, 1971, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, pp. 119-128.

Cruz, C.D. and Regazzi, A.D. (1994). Modelos Biométricos Aplicados ao Melhoramento Genético. UFV, Imprensa Universitária, Viçosa, pp. 390.

Dias, D.A., Santos, J.B., Ramalho, M.A.P. and Abreu, A.F.B. (1992). Seleção de progenies de feijoeiro adaptadas ao cultivo no inverno do sul de Minas Gerais, na população Rio Tibagi X Carioca 300 V. Ciênc. e Prát. 16: 68-73.

Dickson, M.H. and Boettger, M.A. (1984). Emergence, growth and blossoming of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) at suboptimal temperatures. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 109: 257-260.

Dickson, M.H. and Petzoldt, R. (1987). Inheritance of low temperature tolerance in beans at several growth stages. Hortscience 22: 481-483.

Evans, A.M. and Davis, J.H.C. (1978). Breeding Phaseolus beans as grain legumes for Britain. Appl. Biol. 34: 1-42.

Farlow, P.J. (1981). Effect of low temperature on number and location of developed seed in two cultivars of French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Aust. J. Agric. Res. 32: 325-330.

Fowler, D.B., Limin, A.J., Robertson, A.J. and Gusta, L.V. (1993). Breeding for low-temperature tolerance in field crops. In: Crop Breeding for Low Temperatures (Fowler, D.B., Limin, A.J., Robertson, A.J. and Gusta, L.V., eds.). University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada, pp. 357-362.

Griffing, B. (1956). Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing systems. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 9: 463-493.

Hamblim, J. and Morton, J.R. (1977). Genetic interpretations of the effects of bulk breeding on four populations of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Euphytica 26: 75-83.

Kemp, G.A. (1978). Growth of primary leaves of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under suboptimal temperature. Can. J. Plant Sci. 58: 169-174.

Kooistra, E. (1971). Germinability of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) at low temperature. Euphytica 20: 208-213.

Maxis, B. (1989). Analysis of an incomplete diallel cross among three ssp. tuberosum variates and seven long-day adapted ssp. andigena clones of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Euphytica 41! 163-182.

Melo, L.C., Santos, J.B., Ramalho, M.A.P. and Abreu, A.F.B. (1995). Avaliação da capacidade de combinação de cultivares de feijoeiro sob baixas temperaturas. In: Congresso Nacional de Genética. Rev. Bras. Genet., Caxambu, 1995, pp. 104.

Nienhuis, J. and Singh, S.P. (1988). Genetics of seed yield and its components in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) of Middle-American origin. I. General combining ability. Plant Breed. 101: 105-106.

Oliveira, L.B. (1995). Alternativas na escolha dos parentais em um programa de melhoramento do feijoeiro. Master's thesis, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG.

Otubo, S.T. (1994). Controle genético da tolerância do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) a baixas temperaturas na fase de germinação. Master's thesis, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG.

Ramalho, M.A.P., Santos, J.B. and Pereira-Filho, I. (1988). A choice of parents for dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding. I. Interaction of mean components by generation and by localization. Rev. Bras. Genet. 11: 391-400.

Ramalho, M.A.P., Santos, J.B. and Zimmermann, M.J. (1993). Genética Quantitativa em Plantas Autógamas.1st edn. UFG, Goiânia, pp. 271.

Santos, J.B., Vencovsky, R. and Ramalho, M.A.P. (1985). Controle genético da produção de grãos e seus componentes primários em feijoeiro. Pesq. Agrop. Bras. 20: 1203-1211.

Silva, I., Castro Neto, P. and Silveira, J.V. (1986). Época e probabilidade de ocorrência de temperatura mínima abaixo de dado valor, para região de Lavras, Minas Gerais. Ciênc. Prát. 10: 210-219.

Stobe, F.H. and Hombord, D.P. (1966). Blossoming and fruit set patterns in Phaseolus vulgaris as influenced by temperature. Can. J. Bot. 44: 813-819.

Stushnoff, C., Fowler, D.B. and Brule-Babel, A. (1984). Breeding and selection for resistance to low temperature. In: Plant Breeding - A Contemporary Basis (Stushnoff, C., Fowler, D.B. and Brule-Babel, A., eds.). Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 115-136.

Teixeira, F.F., Ramalho, M.A.P. and Abreu, A.F.B. Estimativa do número de genes envolvidos no início da floração do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris), usando a metodologia de Jinks e Towey. Ciênc. Agrotec. (in press).

Vencovsky, R. (1987). Melhoramento e Produção do Milho. 2nd edn. Fundação Cargill, Campinas, pp. 795.

Vencovsky, R. and Barriga, P. (1992). Genética Biométrica Aplicada ao Fitomelhoramento. Sociedade Brasileira de Genética, Ribeirão Preto, SP, pp. 496.

Vieira, C. (1967). 0 Feijoeiro Comum: Cultura, Doenças e Melhoramento. Imprensa Universitária, Viçosa, pp. 220.

Von Pinho, R.G. (1990). Tolerância do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) a baixas temperaturas na fase de germinação e emergência. Master's thesis, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG.

White, J.W. and Singh, S.P. (1991). Sources and inheritance of earliness in tropically adapted indeterminate common bean. Euphytica 55: 15-19.

 

 

 

*Part of a thesis presented by L.C.M. to the Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master's degree.