Full text in pdf format
Karyotype evolution in wasps of thegenus Trypoxylon (subgenus Trypargilum) (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae)
Luiz Fernando Gomes; Silvia das Graças Pompolo; Lucio Antonio de Oliveira Campos
Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36571-000 Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Send correspondence to L.F.G.
ABSTRACT
We report the karyotypes of five wasp species of the genus Trypoxylon (subgenus Trypargilum): T. nitidum (2K = 10AM + 18A + 2MCC), T. lactitarse (2K = 28AMC + 2MCC), T. sp1 (K = 3AM + 10A + 2 MCC), T. sp2 (2K = 20AMC + 12A) and T. sp3 (2K = 2AMC + 30A). A comparison of the karyotypes of these species showed a small variation in chromosome number (2n = 30 and 32). However, much greater variation was observed when total arm number was compared (2AN = 34 to 60). This variability is mainly attributed to the difference in the amount of constitutive heterochromatin present in the karyotypes of these species.
Keywords: Hymenoptera; Karyotype evolution; Trypoxylon.
REFERENCES
Amarante, S.T.P. (1991). Three new neotropical species of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). R. Bras. Ent. 35: 429-437.
Bohart, R.M. and Menke, A.S. (1976). Sphecidae Wasps of the World: A Generic Revision. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 695.
Coville, R.E. (1982). Wasps of the genus Trypoxylon subgenus Trypargilum in North America (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Entomol. 97: 1-147.
Crozier, R.H. (1975). Hymenoptera. In: Animal Cytogenetics. Insecta, 7 (John, B., ed.). Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin, 3: 1-95.
Gomes, L.F., Pompolo, S.G. and Campos, L.A.O. (1995). Cytogenetic analysis of three species of Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Larrinae). Braz. J. Genet. 18: 173-176.
Hoshiba, H. and Imai, H.T. (1993). Chromosome evolution of bees and wasps (Hymenoptera, Apocrita) on the basis of C-banding pattern analyses. Jpn. J. Entomol. 61: 465-492.
Hoshiba, H., Matsuura, M. and Imai, H.T. (1989). Karyotype evolution in the social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Jpn. J. Genet. 64: 209-222.
Imai, H.T. (1969). Karyological studies of Japanese ants. I. Chromosome evolution and species differentiation in ants. Sci. Rep. T. K. D., Sect. B, 14: 27-46.
Imai, H.T. (1991). Mutability of constitutive heterochromatin (C-bands) during eukaryotic chromosomal evolution and their cytological meaning. Jpn. J. Genet. 66: 635-661.
Imai, H.T. and Crozier, R.H. (1980). Quantitative analysis of directionality in mammalian karyotype evolution. Amer. Natl. 116: 537-569.
Imai, H.T. and Taylor, R.W. (1989). Chromosomal polymorphisms involving telomere fusion, centromeric inactivation and centromere shift in the ant Myrmecia (pilosula) n = 1. Chromosoma 98: 456-460.
Imai, H.T., Baroni-Urbani,. C., Kubota, M., Sharma, G.P., Narasimhanna, M.N., Das, B.C., Sharma, A.K., Sharma, A., Deodikar, G.B., Vaidya, V.G. and Rajasekarasetty, M.R. (1984a). Karyological survey of Indian ants. Jpn. J. Genet. 59: 1-32.
Imai, H.T., Brown Jr., W.L., Kubota, M., Yond, S. and Tho, Y.P. (1984b). Chromosome observations of tropical ants in western Malaysia. 2. Annu. Rep. Natl. Inst. Gent. 34: 66-69.
Imai, H.T., Maruyama, T., Gojobori, Y.I. and Crozier, R.S. (1986). Theoretical bases for karyotype evolution. 1. The minimum-interaction hypothesis. Amer. Nat. 128: 900-920.
Imai, H.T., Taylor, R.W., Crosland, M.W.J. and Crozier, R.H. (1988a). Modes of spontaneous chromosomal mutation and karyotype evolution in ants with reference to the minimum interaction hypothesis. Jpn. J. Genet. 63: 159-185.
Imai, H.T., Takahata, N., Maruyama, T., Daniel, A., Honda, T., Matsuda, Y. and Moriwaki, K. (1988b). Theoretical bases for karyotype evolution. II. The fusion burst in man and mouse. Jpn. J. Genet. 63: 313-342.
Imai, H.T., Taylor, R.W. and Crozier, R.H. (1994). Experimental bases for the minimum interaction theory. I. Chromosome evolution in ants of the Myrmecia pilosula species complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmeciinae). Jpn. J. Genet. 69: 137-182.
Krombein, K.V. (1967). Trap-nests Wasps and Bees: Life Histories, Nests and Associates. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, pp. 570.
Naito, T. (1978a). Chromosomes of the Tenthredo olivaceamesomelas group (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Kontyu 46: 257-263.
Naito, T. (1978b). Chromosomes of the genus Macrophya Dahlbom (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Kontyu 46: 470-479.
Naito, T. (1982). Chromosome number differentiation in sawflies and its systematic implication (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Kontyu 50: 569-587.
Pompolo, S.G. and Takahashi, C.S. (1990). Chromosome numbers and C-banding in two wasp species of the genus Polistes (Hymenoptera, Polistinae, Polistini). Insect. Soc. 37: 251-257.
Sumner, A.T. (1972). A simple technique for demonstration of centromeric heterochromatin. Exp. Cell. Res. 75: 304-306.