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Discrimination and comparison of three wheat aphid species based on isoenzyme patterns (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Verónica E. Rubín de Celis^I; Sandra Patussi Brammer^II; Dirceu Gassen ^II; Vera L. Valente^I; Alice Kalisz de Oliveira^I

^IDepartamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15053, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Send correspondence to A.K.O.
^IICentro Nacional de Pesquisa do Trigo, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (CNPT-EMBRAPA), Caixa Postal 569, 99001-970 Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil

ABSTRACT

The electrophoretic patterns of the isoenzymes esterase (EST), glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were studied at three different ontogenetic moments (nymphs, apterous and alate adults) in Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi and Schizaphis graminum collected from Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul State. The latter species was also studied from two other Brazilian localities: Jaguariúna, São Paulo and Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul. Nine electromorphs were found for EST, 12 for GOT and five for MDH. Generally nymphs showed a larger number of electromorphs. Some electromorphs were limited to a single species, therefore electrophoresis could be used to distinguish aphid species despite their parthenogenetic mode of reproduction. Populations of the same species may also be differentiated by this technique.
The populations in Dourados and Jaguariúna were more similar to each other than to the Passo Fundo population at all stages. S. avenae and R. padi were more similar to each other than to S. graminum, which presented different isoenzymatic patterns for each ontogenetic stage. S. avenae, R. padi and S. graminum can be differentiated by the clustered ontogenetic pattern observed for GOT, MDH and EST, respectively. Electrophoresis would be a useful tool for species identification for aphid control on wheat.

Keywords: wheat aphid; isoenzyme.

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