Full text in pdf format

Plant height reduction and disease resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar IAC-18 by gamma radiation-induced mutations

Augusto Tulmann Neto^I; Carlos E.O. Camargo ^II; Marcelo Correa Alves^III; Armando Pettinelli Junior^II; Antonio W.P. Ferreira Filho^II

^ICentro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Caixa Postal 96, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brasil. Send correspondence to A.T.N.
^IIInstituto Agronômico, Caixa Postal 28, 13001-970 Campinas, SP, Brasil
^IIICentro de Informática na Agricultura/USP, Caixa Postal 9, 13416-260 Piracicaba, SP, Brasil

ABSTRACT

Mutation induction by gamma rays was used to obtain plants with reduced plant height and increased disease resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) IAC-18 cultivar. Seeds were irradiated with 40 krad and selection began from the M2 generation. Nine selected lines were compared with the original IAC-18 cultivar for three years in seven advanced trials carried out in various locations, under and without irrigation. Four of the lines had a significant plant height reduction and a lower percentage of lodging, while grain yield and aluminum tolerance remained unaltered. All the selected lines were more resistant to the causal agents of leaf rust and three had immunity to stem rust. Among the resistant lines, some did not have reduced grain yield or tolerance to aluminum, maintaining the IAC-18 cultivar characteristics. This showed the usefulness of this method for correction of defects in cultivars which have desirable agronomic traits.

Keywords: plant height; disease resistance; wheat; gamma radiation.

REFERENCES

Camargo, C.E.O. (1993). Trigo. In: Melhoramento de Plantas no Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (Furlani, A.M.C. and Viegas, G.P., eds.). Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, pp. 433-488.

Camargo, C.E.O. and Oliveira, O.F. (1981). Tolerância de cultivares de trigo a diferentes níveis de alumínio em solução nutritiva e no solo. Bragantia 40: 21-31.

Camargo, C.E.O., Felício, J.C., Freitas, J.G., Barroa, B.C., Castro, J.L. and Sabino, J.C. (1985). Melhoramento do trigo: XII. Comportamento de novas linhagens e cultivares no Estado de São Paulo. Bragantia 44: 669-685.

Donini, B., Kawai, T. and Micke, A. (1984). Spectrum of mutant characters utilized in developing improved cultivars. In: Selection in Mutation Breeding (International Atomic Energy Agency, ed.). Vienna, Austria, pp. 7-31.

Gaul, H. (1977). Mutagen effects in the first generation after seed treatment: Plant injury and lethality. In: Manual on Mutation Breeding (International Atomic Energy Agency, ed.). Vienna, Austria, pp. 87-90.

Konzak, C.F. (1984). Role of induced mutations. In: Crop Breeding - A Contemporary Basis (Vose, P.B. and Blixt, S., eds.). Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 216-292.

Konzak, C.F. and Mikaelsen, K. (1977). Selecting parents and handling the M1-M3 generations for the selection of mutants. In: Manual on Mutation Breeding (International Atomic Energy Agency, ed.). Vienna, Austria, pp. 125-138.

Mehta, Y.R. (1978). Doenças do Trigo e seu Controle. Ceres, São Paulo, pp. 190.

Micke, A., Donini, B. and Maluszynski, M. (1990). Induced mutations for crop improvement. In: Mutation Breeding Review 7. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, pp. 41.

Moore, D.P., Kronstad, W.E. and Metzger, R. (1976). Screening wheat for aluminum tolerance. In: Workshop on Plant Adaptations to Stress in Problem Soils. Beltsville, Maryland, pp. 287-295.

Osorio, E.A. (1972). El mejoramiento genetico del trigo en el Brasil y las posibilidades de utilizacion de mutaciones inducidas. In: Induced Mutations and Plant Improvement, (International Atomic Energy Agency, ed.). Vienna, Austria, pp. 435-445.

Philipovsky, J.F., Tulmann Neto, A. and Ando, A. (1984). Induced mutation aiming to obtain earliness in the Tifton wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety. TEC-DOC-305, International Atomic Energy Agency, Austria, Vienna, pp. 99-109.

Scarascia Mugnozza, G.T. (1965). Induced mutations in breeding for lodging resistance. Radiat. Bot. 5: 537-558.

Schramm, W., Fulco, W.S., Soares, M.H.G. and Almeida, A.M.P. (1974). Resistência de cultivares de trigo em experimentação ou cultivo no Rio Grande do Sul às primeiras doenças fúngicas. Agronomia Sulriograndense 10: 31-39.

Ukai, Y. and Yamashita, A. (1974). Theoretical considerations on the problems of screening of mutants. Bull. Inst. Rad. Breed. 3: 1-144.

Veiga, A.A., Camargo, C.E.O., Felício, J.C., Barros, B.C., Tulmann Neto, A., Menten, J.O.M. and Ando, A. (1982a). Evaluation of three induced short culm wheat mutants obtained in Brazil. In: Semi Dwarf Cereal Mutants and their Use in Cross Breeding (International Atomic Energy Agency, ed.). Vienna, Austria, pp. 47-51.

Veiga, A.A., Felício, J.C., Camargo, C.E., Barros, B.C., Tulmann Neto, A., Menten, J.O.M. and Ando, A. (1982b). Avaliação de mutantes de trigo (Triticum aestivum) obtidos por radiações gama resistentes à ferrugem do colmo (Puccinia graminis tritici). Energ. Nucl. Agric. 4: 59-70.