Full text in pdf format

Isoenzymatic variation in potato somaclones (Solanum tuberosum L.)^*

Pedro Canisio Binsfeld^I; José Antônio Peters^II; Eliane Augustin^III

^IUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 460, 96087-000 Pelotas, RS, Brasil
^IIDepartamento de Botânica, UFPel, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Send correspondence to J.A.P.
^IIIEmpresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Fruteiras de Clima Temperado, Caixa Postal 403, 96001-970 Pelotas, RS, Brasil

ABSTRACT

Two enzymatic systems, peroxidase (PER EC 1.11.1.7) and esterase (EST EC 3.1.1.1), were analyzed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using leaves and tubers from first vegetative generation plants obtained from the in vitro culture of potato internodes (Solanum tuberosum L.). The electrophoretic patterns varied when compared to the control plants. On average 25.6% of the plants had different isoenzymatic patterns in 136 somaclones of the Macaca, 14 of the Santo Amor and six of the Baronesa cultivars; Santo Amor showed the greatest variation (85.7%), followed by Baronesa (33.3%) and Macaca (19.1%). The largest variation was found in the esterase patterns of the Macaca and Baronesa somaclones, while the cultivar Santo Amor showed the greatest number of variants in the peroxidase analyses. The isoenzymatic variability found in the somaclones of the studied cultivars indicates the efficiency of the callus culture technique in the induction of somaclonal variation.
The different responses among the somaclones, obtained from each cultivar, may be attributed mainly to the genotypic differences which are a consequence of vegetative tissue culture.

Keywords: isoenzymatic variation; potato somaclones.

REFERENCES

Allicchio, R., Antonioli, C., Graziani, L., Roncarati, R. and Vannini, C. (1987). Isoenzyme variation in leaf-callus regenerated plants of Solanum tuberosum. Plant Sci. 53: 81-86.

Augustin, E. and Costa, D.M. (1992). Caracterização de cultivares de batata através de isoenzimas. Horticultura Bras. 10: 3-5.

Austin, S., Baer, M.A., Ehlenfeldt, M. and Hegelson, J.P. (1985). Intra-specific fusions in Solanum tuberosum. Theor. Appl. Genet. 71: 172-175.

Berger, R.G., Drawert, F., Kinzkofer, A., Kunz, C. and Radola, B.J. (1985). Proteins and peroxidase in callus, and suspension cultures of apple. Plant Physiol. 77: 211-214.

De, K.K. and Roy, S.C. (1984). Role of an acid phosphatase isoenzyme in callus tissue during cytodifferentiation. Theor. Appl. Genet. 68: 285-287.

Deimling, S. (1989). Fusion dihaploider kartoffelprotoplasten und identifizirung somatischer hybriden. Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Agrarwissenschaften. Universität Hohenheim, Germany, pp. 120.

Hein, T. and Schieder, O. (1986). An improved culture method of mechanically isolated heterocaryons of potato. Plant Breed 97: 255-260.

Heinz, D.J. and Mee, G.W.P. (1971). Morphologic, cytogenetic and enzymatic variation in Saccharum species hybrid clones derived from callus tissue. Am. J. Bor. 58: 257-262.

Larkin, P.J. and Scowcroft, W.R. (1981). Somaclonal variation - a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. Theor. Appl. Genet. 60: 197-213.

Larkin, P.J., Rayan, S.A., Brettel, R.S. and Scowcroft, W.R. (1984). Heritable somaclonal variation in wheat. Theor. Appl. Genet. 67: 443-455.

Lassner, M.W. and Orton, T.J. (1983). Detection of somatic variation. In: Isozymes in Plant Genetics and Breeding (Taksley, S.D. and Orton, T.J., eds.). Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 209-217.

Lipp-João, K.H. (1987). Regeneração de calos de arroz selecionados para resistência ao NaCl. Master's thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS.

Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Plant Physiol. 15: 473-497.

Scandalios, J.G. (1969). Genetic control of multiple molecular forms of enzymes in plants: a review. Biochem. Genet. 3: 37-39.

Waara, S., Tegelstrom, H., Wallin, A. and Erikson, T. (1989). Somatic hybridization between anther-derived di-haploid clones of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and the identification of hybrid plants by isozyme analysis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 77: 49-56.

* Part of a thesis presented by P.C.B. to the Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master's degree.