Full text in pdf format

Evaluation of the mutagenic potential of the active principle of the herbicide Ametrine in in vivo and in vitro systems

Wagner José Marfins Paiva^I,III; Catarina Satie Takahashi^I,II

^IDepartamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
^IIDepartamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. Send correspondence to C.S.T.
^IIIDepartamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86055-900 Londrina, PR, Brasil

ABSTRACT

The active principle of the herbicide Ametrine was tested to determine its clastogenic potential in human lymphocyte cultures and in Wistar rat bone marrow cells. The drug was administered to the rats by gavage at doses of 10.94, 43.75, 87.50 and 175 mg/kg body weight and the animals were sacrificed 12 and 24 h after treatment. Lymphocytes were treated with doses of 0.00425, 0.0172 and 0.068 mg/ml culture medium. The results showed that Ametrine is not clastogenic, though it seems to be an inducer of SCEs. In the lymphocyte system, the mitotic and proliferation indices underwent a dose-dependent reduction. However, the reduction in mitotic index in rat bone marrow cells was not significant.

Keywords: mutagenic potential; herbicide Ametrine.

REFERENCES

Adler, I.D. (1980). A review of the coordinated research effort on the comparison of test systems for the detection of mutagenic effects, sponsored by the E.E.C. Mutat. Res. 74: 77-93.

Badr, A. (1986). Effects of the s-triazine herbicide Turbutryn on mitosis, chromosomes and nucleic acids in root tips of Vicia faba. Cytologia 51: 571-577.

Bartsch, H., Malaveillec, C., Camus, A.M., Martel-Planche, G., Brun, G., Hautefeuille, N., Sabadie, N., Barbin, A., Kuroki, T., Drevon, C., Piccoli, C. and Montesano, R. (1980). Validation and comparative studies on 180 chemicals with S. typhimurium strains and V-79 Chinese hamster cells in the presence of various metabolizing systems. Mutat. Res. 76: 1-50.

Chou, T.S. and Weber, D.T. (1981). The effect of Atrazine on sister-chromatid exchange in maize. Genetics 97: s21.

Donna, A., Betta, P.G., Gagliardi, F., Ghiazza, G.F., Gallarezo, M. and Gabuto, U. (1981). Preliminary experimental contribution to the study of possible carcinogenic activity of two herbicides containing Atrazine-Simazine on trifluralin as active principles. Pathologica 73: 707-721.

Ford, C.E. and Hamerton, J.L. (1956). A colchicine hypotonic citrate sguash sequence for mammalian chromosomes. Stain Technology 31: 247-251.

Garrett, N.E., Stack, H.F. and Waters, M.D. (1986). Evaluation of the genetic activity profiles of 65 pesticides. Mutat. Res. 168: 301-325.

Gentile, J.M., Gentile, G.J., Bultman, J., Sechriest, R., Wagner, E.D. and Plewa, M.J. (1982). An evaluation of the genotoxic properties of insecticides following plant and animal activation. Mutat. Res. 101: 19-29.

Ghiazza, G., Zavarise, G., Lanero, M. and Ferraro, G. (1984). Sister chromatid exchange induced in chromosomes of human lymphocytes by Trifluralin, Atrazine and Simazine. Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. 60: 2149-2154.

Grant, W.F. (1972). Pesticides subtle promoters of evolution. IV Symp. Biol. Hung. 12: 43-50.

Jordan, L.S., Murashige, T., Mann, J.D. and Day, B.E. (1966). Effect of photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides on non-photosynthetic tobacco callus tissue. Weeds. 14: 134-136.

Klopman, G., Contreras, R., Rosenkranz, H.S. and Waters, M.D. (1985). Structure-genotoxic activity relationships of pesticides: comparison of the results from several short-term assays. Mutat. Res. 147: 343-356.

Korenberg, J.R. and Freedlender, E.F. (1974). Giemsa Chromosoma 48: 355-360.

Lee, K.C., Rao, G.M., Barnett, F.L. and Liang, G.H. (1974). Further evidence of meiotic instability induced by atrazine in grain sorghum. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 14: 423-426.

Lee, W.R., Abrahamson, S., Valencia, R., Von Halle, E.S.,Würgler, F.E. and Zimmering, S. (1983). The sex-linked recessive lethal test for mutagenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Mutat. Res. 123: 183-279.

Liang, G.H.L. and Liang, Y.T.S. (1972). Effects of Atrazine on chromosomal behavior in Sorghum. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 14: 423-427.

Loprieno, N. and Adler, I.D. (1980). Cooperative programme of the EEC on short-term assays for mutagenicity. In: Molecular and Celular Aspects of Carcinogen Screening Tests (Montesano, R., Bartsch, H. and Tomatis, L., eds.). Int. Agency Research Cancer Publisher No. 27, Lyon France 331-341.

Mallison, S.M. and Cannon, R.E. (1984). Effects of pesticides on cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum and Cyanophago LPP-1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47: 910-914.

Meisner, L.F., Belluck, D.A. and Roloff, B.D. (1992). Cytogenetic effects of alachlor and/or atrazine in vivo and in vitro. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 19: 77-82.

Moorhead, P.S., Nowell, P.C., Mellman, W.J., Batipps, D.M. and Hungerford, D.A. (1960). Chromosome preparation of leukocytes cultures from human peripheral blood. Cell. Res. 20: 613.

Moreland, D.E. (1980). Mechanisms of action of herbicides. Ann. Rev. Plant. Physiol. 31: 597-638.

Moreland, D.E., Malhotra, S.S., Grüenhagen, R.D. and Shokra, I.I. (1969). Effects of herbicides on RNA and protein synthesis. Weed. Sci. 17: 556-563.

Moriya, M.O.T., Watanabe, K., Miyazawa, T., Kato, K. and Shirasu, Y. (1983). Further mutagenicity studies on pesticides in bacterial reversion assay systems. Mutat. Res. 116: 185-216.

Müller, A., Ebert, E. and Gast, A. (1972). Cytogenetic studies with Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropilaminos-triazine) on plants. Experientia 28: 704-705.

Ochoa-Alejo, N. and Crocomo, O.J. (1987). Influence of Ametryn on synthesis in a non-chlorophyllaceous sugarcane cell suspension. J. Plant Physiol. 126: 355-363.

Pereira, C.A.B. (1991). Teste estatístico para comparar proporções em problemas de citogenética. In: Mutagênese, Teratogênese e Carcinogênese: Métodos e Critérios de Avaliação (Rabello-Gay, M.N., Rodrigues, M.A.L.R. and Monteleone-Neto, R., eds.). SBG/RBG, Ribeirão Preto, pp. 113-123.

Perry, E.P. (1980). Chemical mutagens and sister chromatic exchanges. In: Chemical Mutagens: Principles and Methods for their Detection (Serres, F.J. and Hallaender, A., eds.). Vol. 6. Plenum, New York, pp. 1-39.

Perry, E.P. and Wolf, F.S. (1974). New giemsa method for differential staining of sister chromatids. Nature 261: 156-158.

Plewa, M.J. and Gentile, J.M. (1982). The activation of chemicals into mutagens by green plants. In: Chemical Mutagens: Principles and Methods for Their Detection (Serres, F.J. and Hollander, A., eds.). Vol. 7. Plenum, New York, pp. 401-420.

Plewa, M.J. and Wagner, E.D. (1981). Germinal cell mutagenesis in specially designed maize genotypes. Environ. Health Perspect. 37: 61-73.

Plewa, M.J., Wagner, E.D., Gentile, G.J. and Gentile, J.M. (1984). An evaluation of the genotoxic produties of herbicides following plant and animal activation. Mutat. Res. 136: 233-245.

Preston, R.J., San Sebastian, J.R. and McFee, A.F. (1987). the in vitro human lymphocyte assay for assessing the clastogenicity of chemical agents. Mutat. Res. 189: 175-183.

Radke, V.L. and Grau, C.R. (1986). Effects of herbicides on carpogenic germination of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant Disease 70: 19-23.

Sawamura, S. (1965). Cytological studies on the effect of herbicides on plant cells in vivo - II: Non-hormonic herbicides. Cytologia 30: 325-348.

Scarponi, L. and Perucci, P. (1986). Effects of some s-triazines on aminolevulinate dehydratase activity in corn. Agrochimica 30: 36-44.

Stroev, V.S. (1970). Cytogenetic activity of the herbicides atrazine, chloro-IPC and paraquat. Genetika 6: 31-37.

Thompson, O.C., Truelove, B. and Davis, D.E. (1974). Effect of triazines on energy relations of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Weed. Sci. 22: 164-166.

Veleminsky, S. and Guichner, T. (1988). Mutagenic activity of promutagens implants indirect evidence of their activation. Mutat. Res. 197: 221-242.

Waters, M.D., Sandhu, S.S., Simmons, V.F., Mortelmans, K.E., Mitchell, A.D., Jorgenson, T.A., Jones, D.C.L., Valencia, R. and Garret, N.E. (1982). Study of pesticide genotoxicity. In: Genetic Toxicology: An Agricultural Perspective (Fleck, R.A. and Hollaender, A., eds.). Plenum, New York, pp. 275-326.