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GC-91, a broad based rice synthetic population for blast (Pyricularia grisea Sacc.) resistance

Elcio P. Guimarães; Fernando Correa-Victoria; Edgar Tulande

Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Rice Program, A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia

ABSTRACT

Population improvement methods used in cross-pollinated crops have not been extensively applied to rice (Oryza sativa L.). This article describes the formation of and selection within a genetically broad-based gene pool for resistance to rice blast (Pyricularia grisea Sacc.), and progress during one generation of selection. Thirty rice lines of diverse origin were chosen as parents based upon stability of the reaction of the lines to a range of leaf (Bl) and panicle (NBl) blast races during eight growing seasons at a location favorable for disease development ("hot spot" site). Each parent was crossed to five other parents and each F₁ to three other F₁'s to ensure recombination. The resulting seeds were bulked to form the GC-91 gene pool (COPO). Genetic diversity, as measured by geographical origin of the germplasm, was higher in the GC-91 than in the "genetic core" of rice varieties grown in Latin America and the Caribbean. Three groups were selected from GC-91, based upon three different objectives of selection for blast: a) rapid fixation of major genes for high levels of resistance (population C1P1), b) gradual accumulation of polygenes for partial resistance (population C1P2), and c) a combination of objectives a and b (population C1P3). Lines selected had greater resistance to Bl and NBl in populations C1P1 and C1P3 compared to COPO, while there was no evidence of successful selection for C1P2.

Keywords: GC-91; rice synthetic; blast; Pyricularia grisea Sacc..

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