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Tomato breeding: 2. characterization of F₁ and F₂ hybrid progenies of Lycopersicon esculentum x L. peruvianum and screening for virus and insect resistance

Monique Ines Segeren^I; Walter José Siqueira^I; Maro R. Sondahl^II; André Luiz Lourenção^I; Herculano Penna Medina Filho^I; Hiroshi Nagai^I

^ISeção de Genética, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Caixa Postal 28, 13020-902 Campinas, SP, Brasil. Send correspondence to W.J.S.
^IIDNA Plant Technology Corporation, 2611 Branch Pike, Cinnaminson, NJ, 08077 USA

ABSTRACT

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the major limiting factors of tomato production in Brazil and other tropical areas during summer months. A good source of resistance to this virus and to insect pests has been identified among some Lycopersicon peruvianum individuals. Due to incompatibility and early embryo abortion, it has not been possible by conventional methods to obtain hybrids between these peruvianum sources and the commercial tomato (L. esculentum). In a previous report, the recovery of several interspecific hybrid plants with embryo rescue techniques has been described (Segeren et al., 1993). In this paper, the characterization of the hybrid nature of such plants and their progenies, as well as the screening tests for TSWV and leaf miner, Scrobipalpuloides absoluta (Meyr.) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), resistance is reported. Seeds of F₁ plants were variable in size and color; small green seeds had to be recultured again and were then able to develop directly into plants, without a callus phase. Large brown seeds were sown directly in soil. The large seeds gave rise to plants with more L. esculentum characteristics, whereas plants from small seeds resembled the peruvianum phenotype. F₂ and F₃ plants varied in relation to leaf hairs, leaf shape and size, and fruit color and size. Hybrid fruits varied in color from green with stripes to yellow or orange at maturity, with a slightly larger size than those of L. peruvianum. All F₁ plants were self-incompatible. A few F₂ and F₃ plants obtained by sib crosses were self-compatible. Allelic segregation for the acid phosphatase (Aps 1) locus was detected among F₂ and F₃ individuals. Isozyme analysis of APS 1 demonstrated the presence of three phenotypes corresponding to genotypes 1/1, +/1 and +/+. Screening tests among F₂ and F₃ hybrid populations were performed under controlled conditions and showed segregation for resistance to TSWV and to tomato leaf miner. The recovery of interspecific hybrids through embryo culture was demonstrated to be an effective technique for overcoming crossing barriers within the genus Lycopersicon.

Keywords: tomato breeding; hybrid progenies;Lycopersicon Esculentum; L. Peruvianum; screening; virus; insect resistance.

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