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Evolutionary trends of alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in some species of tephritid filies

Sergio Russo Matioli^I; João Stenghel Morgante^I; Vera Nisaka Solferini^I; Daniel Frias L.^II

^IDepartamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, USP, Caixa Postal 11461, 05499 São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Send correspondence to S.R.M.
^IIUniversidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educacion, Instituto de Entomologia, Casilla 147, Corneo Central, Santiago, Chile

ABSTRACT

In order to characterize the evolutionary pattern of tephritid alcohol dehydrogenase, several analyses were performed. Larval ADH from some tephritid and related families (drosophilids and otitids) were analysed by starch gel electrophoresis. A remarkable variation in the number of ADH loci was observed. No activity of this enzyme was present in Tomoplagia rudolfi larvae. One Adh locus was observed in Acinia fucata, Rachiptera limbata, Rhagoletis nova, and Rhagoletis conversa. In A. fucata and R. limbata, the enzyme migrated anodically and showed a marked activity on long chain alcohols. The locus corresponding to that enzyme was named Adh-2. The enzyme of R. nova and R. conversa (locus Adh-1) migrated cathodically and showed a wide substrate specificity, with a high activity on short chain alcohols, as occurs with the enzyme produced by the Adh locus of D. melanogaster. The pattern of larval ADH in Euxesta eluta (Otitidae) was similar to that observed in the two species of Rhagoletis.Two ADH loci were detected in Ceratitis capitata, Anastrepha grandis, A. fraterculus a A. striata, with the same basic characteristics of the loci Adh-1 and Adh-2 described above, but with lower substrate specificity. In A. obliqua, A. serpentina and A. bistrigata besides Adh-1 and Adh-2, a third Adh locus was observed (Adh-3); the enzyme was similar to that produced by the Adh-2 locus of the other Anastrepha species. Some A. bistrigata individuals had another enzyme with substrate specificity similar to that of ODH of D. melanogaster. This enzyme may be the product of a fourth locus. Specific activity of larval ADH and ethanol content in the host fruits were also determined in other Anastrepha species. These two parameters were found to be positively correlated.

Keywords: Alcohol dehydrogenase; Isozymes; Tephritid flies.

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