Full text in pdf format

Differential effect of soil acidity and lime treatment on the chromosomes of two wheat cultivars^*

Carla C. Zanella^I; M. Helena Bodanese Zanettini^II; M. Irene B. de Moraes Fernandes^III; Dalva M. Zinn^II

^ICentro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, EMBRAPA, Caixa Postal 102372, 70770 Brasilia, DF, Brasil
^IIDepartamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15053, 91501 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Send correspondence to M.H.B.Z.
^IIICentro Nacional de Pesquisa de Trigo, EMBRAPA, Caixa Postal 569, 99001 Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil

ABSTRACT

The meiotic behaviour of pure lines of two wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.) Thell.) cultivars was studied in a growth chamber experiment, using four levels of lime supplements. Both cultivars (PAT 7392 and CNT 10) are aluminum tolerant and were used due to contrasting meiotic indices (80 and 98 respectively). The frequencies of several chromosomal abnormalities were recorded for each cultivar at each level of lime addition and analyzed using x² tests for linearity and regression. Chromosome stickiness, breaks, early bivalent separation, univalents and precocious division of univalent centromers showed a linear dependence on soil correction, while nonoriented bivalents, unequal segregation, micronuclei, laggards and bridges showed a non-linear relationship or absence of dependence. A clear differential effect of the lime treatment was observed in the two cultivars, CNT 10 being insensitive to it, while in PAT 7392 significant decreases in the frequencies of stickiness, univalents and chromosome breaks occurred. Low soil pH may be at least partially responsible for the high rates of chromosome abnormalities found in wheat grown in southern Brazil.

Keywords: Soil acidity; Lime treatment; Chromosomes; Wheat.

REFERENCES

Al'Tergot, T.V.F., Mordkovich, S.S. and Fadeeva, L.G. (1978). Heat damage in the development of the male gametophyte of spring wheat. Fisiologiya i Biokhimiya Kul'turnykh Rastenii 10: 451-456.

Amer, S.M. and Ali, E.M. (1974). Cytological effects of pesticides. V. Effects of some herbicides on Vicia faba. Cytologia 39: 633-643.

Amer, S.M. and Farah, O.R. (1968). Cytological effects of pesticides. III. Meiotic effects of N-methyl-l-naphth thyl carbamate "Sevin". Cytologia 33: 337-344.

Amer, S.M. and Farah, O.R. (1980). Cytological effects of pesticides. X. Meiotic effects of "Phosvel". Cytologia 45: 241-245.

Bodanese-Zanettini, M.H., Moraes-Fernandes, M.I.B. and Salzano, F.M. (1979). Cytogenetic studies in two Brazilian wheat cultivais under natural and controlled temperature conditions. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 39: 551-557.

Bodanese-Zanettini, M.H., Moraes-Fernandes, M.I.B. and Salzano, F.M. (1983). Genetic and environmental effects on the frequency of meiotic disturbances in wheat. Rev. Brasil. Genet. 6: 43-57.

Clarkson, D.T. (1965). The effect of aluminum and other trivalent metal cations on cell division in the root apices of Allium cepa. Ann. Bot. 29: 309-315.

Das, B.K. and Sen, S.P. (1976). The effect of deficiency of N, P and K on wheat and rice chromosomes. Nucleus 19: 163-166.

Del Duca, L.J.A. and Moraes-Fernandes, M.I.B. (1980). Meiotic instability in some Brazilian common wheat cultivars. Cereal Res. Commun. 8: 619-625.

Falcão, T.M.M.A., Moraes-Fernandes, M.I.B. and Bodanese-Zanettini, M.H. (1981). Genotypic and environmental effect on meiotic behaviour and the influence of chromosomal abnormalities on fertility of hexaploid triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittmach). Rev. Brasil. Genet. 4: 611-624.

Fiskesjö, G. (1983). Nucleolar dissolution induced by aluminum in root cells of Allium cepa. Physiol. Plant 59: 508-511.

Fiskesjö, G. (1983b). Metallzoner i Allium testet II. (Cu, Ni, Al, Mn, I Ig). Annual Report to the National Swedish Environmental Protection Board, 22p.

Fleiss, J.L. (1981). Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. p. 138-146.

Foy, C.D. (1974). Effects of aluminum on plant growth. In: The plant root and its environment. Carson, E.W., ed. Univ. Press Virginia. Charlottesvile, pp. 601-642.

Foy, C.D., Chaney, R.L. and White, M.C. (1978). The physiology of metal toxicity in plants. Ann. Rev. Plant. Physiol. 29: 511-566.

Guerra Filho, M.S. and Moraes-Fernandes, M.I.B. (1977). Somatic instability in the Brazilian semi-dwarf wheat IAS 54. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 19: 225-230.

Hollingshead, L. (1932). The occurrence of unpaired chromosomes in hybrids between varieties of Triticum vulgare. Cytologia 3: 119-141.

Levan, A. (1945). Cytological reactions induced by inorganic salt solutions. Nature 156: 751-752.

Love, R.M. (1949). Estudos citológicos preliminares de trigos riograndenses. Circular 74, Sec. da Agricultura do RS, Porto Alegre, Brasil. 14 p.

Malavolta, E., Sarruge, J.R. and Bittencourt, V.C. (1976). Toxidez de alumínio e manganês. In: IV Simpósio sobre o cerrado: bases para utilização agropecuária. Itatiaia, Belo Horizonte, Ed. da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, pp. 275-301.

Matsumoto, H., Hirasawa, E., Torikai, H. and Takahashi, E. (1976). Localization of absorbed aluminum in pea root and its binding to nucleic acids. Plant and Cell Physiol. 17: 127-137.

Matsumoto, H. and Morimura, S. (1980). Repressed template activity of chromatin of pea roots treated by aluminum. Plant and Cell Physiol. 21: 951-959.

Moraes-Fernandes, M.I.B. (1982). Estudo da instabilidade meiótica em cultivares de trigo: efeito genotípico, relação com a fertilidade e seleção de plantas estáveis. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 17: 1177-1191.

Moraes-Fernandes, M.I.B., Bodanese-Zanettini, M.H., Guerra, M.S., Del Duca, L.J.A., Sereno, M.J.C. and Zanella, C.C. (1985). Instabilidade cromossômica e adaptação em trigo. In: Tópicos de Citogenética e Evolução de Plantas. (Aguiar Perecia, M.L.R., Martins, P.S. e Bandel, G., eds.). Revista Brasileira de Genética, Ribeirão Preto, pp. 69-110.

Morimura, S. and Matsumoto, H. (1978). Effect of aluminum on some properties and template activity of purified pea DNA. Plant and Cell Physiol. 19: 429-436.

Newcomer, E.H. (1953). A new cytological and histological fixing fluid. Science 118: 161.

Pao, W.K. and Li, I I.W. (1948). Desynapsis and other abnormalities induced by high temperature. J. Genet. 48: 297-310.

Rana, R.S. (1965). A cytological evaluation of temperature sensitivity in diploid wheat. Caryologia 18: 117-125.

Ravindran, P.N. and Ravindran, S. (1978). Cytological irregularities induced by water polluted with factory effluents: a preliminary report. Cytologia 43: 565-570.

Reddy, M.V. and Rao, B.V.R. (1969). The cytological effects of insecticides (Dimecron-100 and Rogar-40) on Vicia Taba L. Cytologia 34: 408-417.

Riley, R. and Kimber, G. (1961). Aneuploids and the cytogenetic structure of wheat varietal populations. Heredity 16: 275-290.

Sandfaer, J. (1973). Barley stripe mosaic virus and the frequency of triploids and aneuploids in barley. Genetics 73: 597-603.

Sereno, M.J.C.M., Moraes-Fernandes, M.I.B. and Bodanese-Zanettini, M.H. (1981). Effects of pesticides, fungal diseases and pests on the meiotic behavior of wheat. Rev. Brasil. Genet. 4: 593-609.

Siqueira, O.J.F. (1980). Response of soybeans and wheat to lime-stone application on acid soils in Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ph.D. Dissertation. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.

Sirover, M.A. and Loeb, L.A. (1976). Infidelity of DNA synthesis in vitro: screening for potential metal mutagens or carcinogens. Science 194: 1434-1436.

Steffensen, D. (1953). Induction of chromosome breakage at meiosis by a magnesium deficiency in Tradescantia. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 39: 613-620.

Utkhede, R.S. and Jain, H.K. (1974). Temperature induced condition of univalence in wheat. Cytologia 39: 791-799.

Wallace, S.U. and Anderson, I.C. (1984). Aluminum toxicity and DNA synthesis in wheat mots. Agron. J. 76: 5-8.

Watanabe, Y. (1962). Meiotic irregularities in intervarietal hybrids of common wheat. Wheat Inf. Ser. 14: 5-7.

Wuu, K.D. and Grant, W.F. (1967). Chromosomal aberrations induced by pesticides in meiotic cells of barley. Cytologia 32: 31-41.

Zanella, C.C., Bodanese-Zanettini, M.H. and Moraes-Fernandes, M.I.B. (1984). Efeito da acidez do solo no comportamento cromossômico em células mães de pólen de trigo. In: 36' Reunião Anual da SBPC, Resumos, p. 772.

* This work was done to fulfill the requirements for a Masters degree in Genetics for the first author at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul in collaboration with the Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Trigo - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (CNPT-EMBRAPA).