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Metodologia in vivo visando indução de mutações no melhoramento da bananeira "MAÇA" (In vivo Methods for the Induction of Mutations in "Maçã" Banana Improvement Programs)

A. Tulmann Neto; E.T. Domingues; B.M.J. Mendes; A. Ando

Seção de Radiogenética do Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 96, 13400 Piracicaba, SP, Brasil

ABSTRACT

In the Radiation Genetics Section of CENA/USP a rapid method of banana propagation was adapted for use in mutation breeding through gamma radiation of the cultivar "Maça". Rhizomes with diameters of approximately 20 cm were taken from field grown adult plants which had not reached the flowering stage. These rhizomes, free from roots and containing the apical and lateral shoots, were put into receptacles containing autoclaved vermiculite, covered with plastic and maintained in the greenhouse. The apical meristem was eliminated to stimulate lateral bud development. When these lateral buds reached 4-7 cm in diameter, their meristems were also eliminated. New buds were obtained from the callus which developed subsequently. The other aspect of the research was the analysis of sensitivity to gamma rays after elimination of the meristems of lateral shoots. Based on the average number of new buds formed the LD₅₀ was calculated to be between 30 and 40 Gy. This level of radiation and the adapted methodology described are suitable for use in mutation breeding with this cultivar.

Keywords: Induction of mutations; "mac" Banana; Programs.

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