Full text in pdf format

Adaptative features of amazon fishes. hemoglobins of Brycon cf cephalus and Brycon cf erythropterum (Pisces)

Adalberto Luis Val; Vera Maria Fonseca de Almeida-Val

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia, Estrada do Aleixo, 1756, 69083 Manaus, AM, Brasil. Send correspondence to A.L.V.

ABSTRACT

Hemoglobin electrophoretic patterns, intraerythrocytic phosphates, and whole blood and hemoglobin Bohr effect were studied in Brycon cf cephalus and B. cf erythropterum fishes captured in the Negro river. Starch gel electrophoresis revealed eight anodic and two cathodic hemoglobin fractions for B. cf cephalus and eight anodic hemoglobin fractions for B. cf erythropterum. Both ATP and GTP, which were detected in the blood of both species, influenced the hemoglobin Bohr effect. The whole blood Bohr effect was similar for both species.

Keywords: adaptative; fishes; hemoglobins; Brycon cf cephalus; Brycon cf erythropterum.

REFERENCES

Almeida-Val, V.M.F. (1986). Lactato desidrogenase (LDH) de duas espécies de peixes da Amazônia, Mylossoma duriventris e Colossoma macropomum (Serrasalmidae:Characiformes): Aspectos adaptativos. Doctoral Thesis. INPA/FUA, Manaus, 141 pp.

Almeida-Val, V.M.F., Schwantes, A.R. and Val, A.L. (1985). Electrophoretic patterns of hemoglobin and oxygen binding properties of blood of Anostomidae fishes from Parana-PardoGrande hydrographic basin (SR) Paulo state, Brazil). J. Exp. Zool. 235: 21-26.

Ayala, F.J. (1978). The mechanisms of evolution. Sci. Am. 9:48-61.

Bartlett, G.R. (1959). Phosphorus assay in column chromatography. J. Biol. Chem. 254:466-468. Bartlett, G.R. (1976). Iron nucleotides in human and rat red cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 70:1063-1070.

Bartlett, G.R. (1978). Phosphates in red cells of two South American osteoglossids:Arapaima gigas and Osteoglossum bicirrhosum. Can. J. Zool. 56: 878-881.

Bartlett, G.R. (1982). Isolation and assay of red cell inositol polyphosphates. Anal. Biochem. 124: 425-431.

Bartlett, G.R., Schwantes, A.R. and Val, A.L. (1987). Studies on the influence of nitrite on methemoglobin formation in Amazonian fishes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 86C: 449456.

Bogart, J.P. (1980). Polyploidy in evolution of amphibians and reptiles. In:Polyploidy: Biological Relevance (Lewis, W.H., ed.). Plenum, Press, New York.

Braum, E. and Junk, W.J. (1982). Morphological adaptations of two Amazonian Characoids (Pisces) for surviving in oxygen deficient waters. Int. Rev. Ges. Hydrobiol. 67: 869-886.

Bunn, H.F. and Riggs, A. (1979). The measurements of the Bohr effect of fish hemoglobins by gel electrofocusing. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 62A : 95-99.

Fink, W.L. and Fink, S.V. (1979). Central Amazonia and its fishes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 62A: 13-29.

Fyhn, U.E.H., Fyhn, H.J., Davis, B.J., Powers, D.A., Fink, W.L. and Garlick, R.L. (1979). Hemo- globin heterogeneity in Amazonian fishes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 62A: 39-66.

Galdames-Portus, M.I., Donald, E.L. and Focesi, A., Jr. (1982). Hemoglobinas em silurídeos da Amazônia Central. I. Análise eletroforética dos hemolisados. Acta Amazonica, 12: 707-712.

Garlick, R.L., Bunn, H.F., Fyhn, H.J., Fyhn, U.E.H., Martin, J.P., Noble, R.W. and Powers, D.A. (1979). Functional studies on the separated hemoglobin components of an air-breathing catfish, Hoplosternum littorale (Hanlock). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 62A: 219-226.

Gillen, R.G. and Riggs, A. (1973a). The hemoglobins of a freshwater teleost, Cichlasoma cyanoguttatum (Baird and Girard). II. Subunit structures and oxygen equilibria of the isolated components. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 154: 348-359.

Gillen, R.G. and Riggs, A. (1973b). Structure and function of the isolated hemoglobins of the American eel, Anguilla rostrata. J. Biol. Chem. 248: 1961-1969.

Hochachka, P.W. and Somero, G.N. (1973). Strategies of Biochemical Adaptations. W.B. Saunders., Philadelphia.

Hochachka, P.W. and Somero, G.N. (1984). Biochemical Adaptation. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

Johansen, K., Mangum, C.P. and Lykkeboe, G. (1978a). Respiratory properties of the blood of Amazon fishes. Can. J. Zool. 56: 898-906.

Johansen, K., Mangum, C.P. and Weber, R.E. (1978b). Reduced blood 0₂ affinity associated with air-breathing in osteoglossid fishes. Can. J. Zool. 56: 891-893.

Kaloustian, K.V. and Poluhowich, J.J. (1976). The role of organic phosphates in modulating the oxygenation behavior of eel hemoglobin. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 53A: 245-248.

Kramer, D.L., Lindsey, C.C., Moodie, G.E.E. and Stevens, E.D. (1978). The fishes and the aquatic environment of the Central Amazon basin, with particular reference to respiratory patterns. Can. J. Zool. 56: 717-729.

Lowe McConnell, R.H. (1967). Some factors affecting fish population in Amazon waters. Atas do Simpósio sobre a Biota Amazônica 7: 177-186.

Martin, J.P., Fyhn, H.J., Fyhn, U.E.H., Garlick, R.L., Noble, R.W. and Powers, D.A. (1979). The hemoglobins of Pseudodoras, a South American catfish: isolation, characterization and ligand binding studies. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 62A: 207-212.

Monteiro, P.J.C., Val, A.L. and Almeida-Val, V.M.F. (1987). Biological aspects of Amazonian fishes. Hemoglobin, hematology, intraerythrocytic phosphates and whole blood Bohr effect of Mylossoma duriventris. Can. J. Zool. 65:1805-1811.

Ohno, S. (1970). The enormous diversity in genome size of fishes as a reflection of nature's extensive experiments with gene duplications. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 99: 120-130.

Ohno, S. (1974). Protochordata, Cyclostomata and Pisces. In: Animal Cytogenetics. Vol. IV. (John, B., ed.). Gebrüder-Borntrager, Berlin.

Perez, J.E. and Rylander, M.K. (1985). Hemoglobin heterogeneity in Venezuelan fishes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 808:641-646.

Powers, D.A. (1974). Structure, function and molecular ecology of fish hemoglobins. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 241: 472-490.

Riggs, A. (1979). Studies of the hemoglobins of Amazonian fishes: An overview. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 62A: 257-272.

Riggs, A. and Wolbach, R.A. (1956). Sulphydryl groups and the structure of hemoglobins. J. Gen. Physiol. 39: 585-605.

Schultz, R.J. (1980). Role of polyploidy in the evolution of fishes. In: Polyploidy: Biological Relevance. (Lewis, W.H. ed.). Plenum Press, New York.

Smithies, 0. (1959). An improved procedure for starch gel electrophoresis. Biochem. J. 71: 585587.

Sullivan, B. (1977). Hemoglobin variation and its significance in fish. US-USSR Workshop on Physiology and Biochemistry of Aquatic Animals. Georgetown, SC, USA.

Val, A.L. (1983). Aspectos estruturais e funcionais de hemoglobinas de espécies do gênero Semaprochilodus (Prochilodontidae) do rio Negro, AM, Brasil. Masters thesis. PPG INPA/ FUA, Manaus, 192 pp.

Val, A.L. (1986). Hemoglobinas de Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818 (Characoidei, Pisces): Aspectos adaptativos (Ilha da Marchantaria, Manaus, AM). Doctoral thesis. PPG INPA/FUA, Manaus, 112 pp.

Val, A.L., Almeida-Val, V.M.F. and Monteiro, P.J.C. (1987). Aspectos biológicos de peixes amazônicos. W. Padrões eletroforéticos de hemoglobinas de 22 espécies coletadas na Ilha da Marchantaria (Manaus-AM). Acta Amazônica 16/17:125-134.

Val, A.L., Schwantes, A.R. and Almeida-Val, V.M.F. (1986). Biological aspects of Amazonian fishes. VI. Hemoglobins and whole blood properties of Semaprochilodus species (Prochilo- dontidae) at two phases of migration. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 83B: 659-667.

Val, A.L., Schwantes, A.R., Almeida-Val, V.M.F. and Schwantes, M.L. (1985). Hemoglobin, hematology, intraerythrocytic phosphates and whole blood Bohr effect from lotic and lentic Hypostomus regani populations (São Paulo, Brasil). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 80B:737-741.

Val, A.L., Schwantes, A.R., Schwantes, M.L. and De Luca, P.H. (1981). Amido hidrolisado de mi- lho como suporte eletroforético. Ciénc. Cult. 33: 992-996.

Van Vuren, J.H.J. and Hattingh, J. (1978). A seasonal study of the hematology of wild freshwater fish. J. Fish. Biol. 13: 305-315.

Weber, R.E., Lykkeboe, G. and Johansen, K. (1975). Biochemical aspects of the adaptation of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity of eels to hypoxia. Life Sci. 17:1345-1349.

Weber, R.E. and Wood, S.C. (1979). Effects of erythrocytic nucleoside triphosphates on oxygen equilibria of composite and fractioned hemoglobins from the facultative air breathing Amazonian catfish, Hypostomus and Pterygoplichthys. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 62A: 179183.

Wood, S.C. and Johansen, K. (1972). Adaptation to hypoxia by increased Hb-0₂ affinity and decreased red cell ATP concentration. Nature 23 7: 278-279.

Zuckerkandl, E. (1965). La evolución de la hemoglobina. Sci. Am. 3: 288-296.